{"id":35,"date":"2023-07-28T11:43:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T11:43:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ancientmythology.org\/tr\/misirli\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T11:43:48","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T11:43:48","slug":"misirli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ancientmythology.org\/tr\/misirli\/","title":{"rendered":"\u25b7 misir mi\u0307toloji\u0307si\u0307 \u00bb tarih, gelenekler, tanr\u0131lar ve mitler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eski M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong> olarak bilinen \u015fey, M.\u00d6. 3200 civar\u0131nda konsolidasyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir krall\u0131kt\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve Yukar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n<\/strong> birle\u015fmesi ile M.\u00d6. Bu medeniyetin sonu tarih\u00e7iler i\u00e7in M.\u00d6. 31 y\u0131l\u0131nda tespit edilmi\u015ftir. M.\u00d6., Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun buray\u0131 resmen kendi topraklar\u0131na entegre etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisi<\/strong> , eski M\u0131s\u0131r dininin<\/strong> destekledi\u011fi inan\u00e7lar\u0131n incelenmesi olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r; yani hanedanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden<\/em> , 535 y\u0131l\u0131nda I. Justinianus<\/em> d\u00f6neminde bu t\u00fcr uygulamalar\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayat\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisi<\/strong> bu insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n her y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kapsamakta, onlar\u0131 tanr\u0131lara adanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck an\u0131tsal kompleksler yaratmaya, sonsuz ya\u015fam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve firavunun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn<\/strong> g\u00f6sterilmesine y\u00f6nlendirmektedir. \u00dc\u00e7 bin y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre boyunca tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n mitlerini ve efsanelerini beslediler, de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler ve derinle\u015ftirdiler, fethedilen halklar\u0131n her birinin inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcmseyerek kendi inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f efsanesi <\/h2>\n
\n
\"Mito
M\u0131s\u0131r yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f efsanesi. Resim Gordon Johnson taraf\u0131ndan Pixabay’da.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadan \u00f6nce yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f sular\u0131<\/strong> , saf kaos veya \u0130sim<\/strong> vard\u0131. Bu sulardan bir tepenin ortas\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ra<\/strong> do\u011far ve oradan Geb<\/strong> ve Nut’u<\/strong> yaratmak i\u00e7in t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla yer ve g\u00f6k tanr\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r ve Osiris, \u0130sis, Seth<\/strong> ve Nephthys’in<\/strong> babalar\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bunlar M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisinin<\/strong> ilkel tanr\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r ve yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015ftaki her \u015feyi \u015fekillendirecek olanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eski M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 3000 y\u0131l boyunca bu mitlerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilip uyarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almak gerekir. Bu, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n versiyondur.<\/p>\n

hanedan \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem<\/h3>\n

Rahats\u0131z edici, korkutucu veya net bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olmayan do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131n tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla<\/strong><\/em> karakterize edilir. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra belirli hayvan \u00f6zelliklerine sahip tanr\u0131larla ili\u015fkilendirildiler ve insan formunda<\/em> tasvir edildiler, ancak elbette baz\u0131 zoomorfik<\/em> \u00f6zellikleri de korudular.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131dakilere iyi bir \u00f6rnek, \u015fahine benzeyen, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131 “y\u00fcksek”<\/em> Horus’tur<\/strong> ; M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bir k\u00f6pek ve “nekropol\u00fcn koruyucusu”<\/em> olarak Anubis<\/strong> ; Nil timsah\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli bir tehlike olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle Fayoum<\/strong> olarak bilinen korkulan bir tanr\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bunlara insani kavramlar da atfedildi, \u00f6rne\u011fin: aile ili\u015fkileri, insan tutkular\u0131 vb.<\/p>\n

El M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131lar\u0131 <\/h2>\n
\n
\"Dioses
M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisindeki tanr\u0131lar. Foto\u011fraf: Daniel Hern\u00e1ndez Colonne. flickr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisi<\/strong> , basit bir inan\u00e7 derlemesinden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r; t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 felsefi ve etik temeldir. Maat<\/strong> , t\u00fcm M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten ve d\u00fczen ile kaos aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi temsil eden anahtar kavramd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu mitolojide onlar, farkl\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131lar\u0131na<\/a><\/strong> tap\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7oktanr\u0131c\u0131lard\u0131; bunlar, d\u00fczen tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kaotik varl\u0131klar olabilirken, di\u011ferleri d\u00fcnyevi yarat\u0131klar\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Maat’\u0131<\/strong> savunmak ve bu iki rakip g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi korumak i\u00e7in, ilahi olanla d\u00fcnyevi olan aras\u0131nda var olan tek ba\u011flant\u0131 olan firavun<\/strong> vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

benim var<\/a> <\/h3>\n
\n
\"\"
Jeff Dahl’\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131. Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Ad\u0131 gizli<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelir ve M\u0131s\u0131r krallar\u0131n\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirince kendisine Amun-Ra<\/a><\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

ra<\/a><\/h3>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r mitolojisinde<\/strong> bu tanr\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015fi<\/strong> ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcne\u015fin bat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve do\u011fu\u015fuyla temsil edilen yaratma ve dirilme<\/strong> g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eder.<\/p>\n

Osiris<\/a> <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Osiris\"
Osiris. Jeff Dahl’\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131. Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Firavunun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn simgesi olan \u015fahindir. Ad\u0131 hery<\/em><\/strong> kelimesinden gelir ve yukar\u0131daki<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Ast <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Ast-Isis\"
Ast-Isis. Resim Clker-Free-Vector-Resimler taraf\u0131ndan Pixabay’a y\u00fcklendi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Halk aras\u0131nda Yunanca ismi olan \u0130sis<\/a><\/strong> ile bilinen o, M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong> panteonunda en \u00e7ok tan\u0131nan tanr\u0131lardan biridir. Osiris’in<\/strong> annesi, Horus’un<\/strong> kar\u0131s\u0131 ve k\u0131z karde\u015fidir. B\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fc ve sevgiyi temsil eder, anneleri ve e\u015fleri korur.<\/p>\n

maat<\/h3>\n

O , iyilik ile kaos aras\u0131ndaki<\/strong> dengenin ki\u015file\u015fmi\u015f<\/strong> haliydi. Ger\u00e7e\u011fi, ahlak\u0131, adaleti ve d\u00fczeni temsil ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Horus<\/a> <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Horus\"
Horus. Resim Clker-Free-Vector-Images taraf\u0131ndan Pixabay’a y\u00fcklendi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Osiris<\/strong> ve Ast’\u0131n<\/strong> o\u011flu, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn tanr\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131<\/strong> . Do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fi temsil ediyordu ve \u015fahin ba\u015fl\u0131 bir adam olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Anubis<\/a> <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Anubis\"
Anubis. Foto\u011fraf: DEZALB. Pixabay.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Osiris,<\/strong> Seth<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclene kadar \u00f6l\u00fcler diyar\u0131n\u0131n koruyucusuydu. \u00c7akal kafal\u0131 bir adama benziyordu.<\/p>\n

Seth<\/a> <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Seth\"
Seth. Resim Clker-Free-Vector-Resimler taraf\u0131ndan Pixabay’a y\u00fcklendi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Kaos tanr\u0131s\u0131<\/strong> , Horus’un<\/strong> ebedi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ve babas\u0131 Osiris’in<\/strong> katiliydi. Bir kar\u0131nca yiyenle ili\u015fkilidir, ancak bu tam olarak net de\u011fildir ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc asl\u0131nda soyu t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir hayvanla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Hathor<\/a> <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Hathor\"
Hathor. Jeff Dahl’\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131. Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Sevin\u00e7, dans ve kutlamalar\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n koruyucusu ve Horus’un<\/strong> kar\u0131s\u0131. Tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda genellikle inek olarak tasvir edilir.<\/p>\n

API’ler<\/a><\/h3>\n

Tanr\u0131 Ptah’\u0131n<\/strong> d\u00fcnyevi formunu temsil eden kutsal bir bo\u011fad\u0131r<\/strong> . Hayvan, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcne kadar sayg\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi a\u011f\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n

tabut<\/h3>\n

Bir kediye ya da kedi kafal\u0131 bir kad\u0131na benzeyebilir. Onun alan\u0131 cinsellik ve do\u011fumdu<\/strong> ve hamile kad\u0131nlar\u0131 koruyordu.<\/p>\n

ptah<\/a> <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Ptah\"
Ptah, M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131lar\u0131. Resim Clker-Free-Vector-Images taraf\u0131ndan Pixabay’a y\u00fcklendi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Duvar i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin envanteri<\/strong> olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu ve zanaatkarlar\u0131n, mimarlar\u0131n ve in\u015faat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131 ve koruyucusuydu. Onun imaj\u0131, kraliyet k\u0131yafetleri giymi\u015f bir adama benziyordu.<\/p>\n

Boyama<\/h3>\n

Yunanl\u0131lar ona Thoth<\/a><\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. Bilgeli\u011fe ve bilgiye h\u00fckmetti ve tap\u0131naklarda ve kutsal metinlerde ibis veya babun ba\u015fl\u0131 bir adam olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Mut<\/a><\/h3>\n

Ad\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r dilinde \u201canne\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyordu. O, herkesin ana tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/strong> yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, Amun’un<\/strong> kar\u0131s\u0131 ve Khonsu’nun<\/strong> annesiydi. \u0130ki ta\u00e7 giyen bir kad\u0131n olarak tasvir edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli M\u0131s\u0131r tanr\u0131lar\u0131 <\/h3>\n
\n
\"Anuket\"
Anouket. Foto\u011fraf: Rawpixel Ltd. Flickr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Anouket<\/a><\/h3>\n